The Parisian club has now won the prestigious trophy on 14 different times.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic equaliser followed by a perfect penalty shootout to overcome Marseille in Kuwait and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The European champions seemed to be coasting towards a comfortable triumph in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup holders after the French winger found the net early on.
However, Marseille fired two times late to seize a surprise lead. Initially, the English forward scored from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable twist of events, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a vital leveler in the final moments to force the contest into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, saving crucial attempts from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all converted successfully for PSG to complete a convincing shootout victory.
Now 14-time winners PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the past thirteen years.